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Hastings and Prince Edward Public Health

Tetanus FAQs

What is Tetanus?

Tetanus, better known as lockjaw, is an acute and often fatal disease caused by an extremely potent neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium tetani. This bacterium is found in the soil and in the intestines of animals and humans.

Wounds that are contaminated with soil or animal/human feces and that are associated with tissue injury and necrosis are most frequently associated with tetanus. Cases related to injection drug use, animal bites and lacerations have been reported, as well as rare cases occurring after bowel surgery or aspiration of soil and feces.

What are the symptoms?

Early symptoms include muscle spasms in the jaw (lockjaw), neck and abdomen, and difficulty swallowing. This can lead to severe generalized muscle spasms, generalized tonic seizure-like activity and severe autonomic nervous system disorders. Complications can include bone fractures and abnormal heart rhythm. Death occurs in 10-20% of cases, mainly among older people.

How is it transmitted?

The bacteria enter through a break in the skin. Tetanus is not transmitted from person to person.

How can you prevent it?

The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommends 5 doses of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids during childhood and a booster dose every 10 years thereafter.

Reference

Public Health Agency of Canada, (2006). Canadian Immunization Guide (7th Ed.). Ottawa, ON: Public Works & Government Services.

Tetanus Fact Sheet printable pdf

Need More Information About Tetanus FAQs?

Talk to your health care provider or call our Communicable Disease Program at 613-966-5500 or 1-800-267-2803, ext. 349.

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COVID-19 vaccines in HPE

Eligible individuals can receive their vaccination at many participating local pharmacies by contacting the pharmacy directly. Please visit covid-19.ontario.ca/vaccine-locations for location and registration information.

Vaccine ordering for health care providers

Vaccine orders for routine immunizations and STI medications continue to be available through HPEPH by using our vaccine order forms; however, please note that our vaccine delivery/pickup procedure has changed. For the most up to date pick up schedule please visit hpePublicHealth.ca/vaccine-orders-info-healthcare-providers/.